Problem Decomposition
Breaking an ambiguous problem into a solvable structure before writing code.
Coding Fluency
Translating a plan into correct, readable, reasonably efficient code.
System Design
Reasoning about trade-offs at scale โ latency, consistency, cost.
Debugging Mindset
Diagnosing failure systematically rather than guessing at fixes.
Communication
Narrating your reasoning clearly enough for an interviewer to follow it.